Jade carving theme design reflects the life style of the past
The modern jade market is for the needs of the city. Many jade articles are pursuing novelty, gorgeousness and skill. They deprive the rational spirit and cultural symbolism that jade culture advocates. This is the regret of modern jade design. Therefore, the theme design of modern jade articles should also pay attention to the "master", and the real intention of "Shi Gu" does not have to be "old", the important thing is to be vulgar and elegant. Never let the jade fall into the clever and exaggerated "vulgar style".
The design of a jade object should not only reflect that it is the carrier of cultural inheritance, but also meet the cultural needs of the public level. Many people and the ancients have such a theory that "good jade is not awkward", the purpose is to rely solely on the natural attributes of jade material to appreciate its original simplicity. With its characteristics of warm and condensed, hard and dense, it is a metaphor for the virtues of the gentleman's life, or constraining people's words and deeds, to be a gentleman.
But everyone knows that the first criterion for appreciation of jade is "beauty". The natural attributes of jade are combined with people's social theory, and the craftsman's skillful jade technology is the most perfect function of jade. In fact, since the ancient times, the jade articles produced have followed this concept. Since ancient times, the development of jade has a history of more than 8,000 years. According to the different social forms, there are also differences in people's social activities. Therefore, the theme design of jade is the embodiment of culture, industrial technology and values ​​in people's social activities. There are three basic sources of jade theme design, namely, the expression of ideological and cultural connotation, the reference of life theme, tradition and innovation.
In recent years, the price of jade material has risen rapidly, which has led to a sudden increase in the cost of jade production. The jade craftsman also lacks the working attitude of “slow work and fine workâ€, which is often eager for success, weight and light weight. In addition, many collectors or players blindly pursue the so-called "playing the skin" and "playing materials", which makes the jade lose its original meaning. Jade itself is created through the natural physical properties of jade, blending human psychology and skillful craftsmanship. The significance lies in expressing connotation and conforming to social values. A jade that lacks cultural connotation cannot be called a qualified jade. No matter whether its market price is sought after, its own value cannot be improved. Some people may think that this view is a bit "big word", but it is not.
Through the theme design of jade, you can understand the cultural level of a society and the values ​​of society at that time. For example, a piece of jade in the Han Dynasty more than 2,000 years ago - jade lying. The jade color is white and old. It is horizontal, small, thick, with a scorpion on the top of the head. It is covered with scale-like feathers. The wings are strip-shaped and the tail feathers are strip-shaped. This is a realistic approach carved jade, jade sophisticated, exquisite, elegant, vivid and natural. It was also contained in the "Han Chi etiquette Fifth": "In the beginning of seventy people who teach him to stick jade ...... eighty, ninety ceremony with Canada, thanks to jade stick one foot in length, end heart dove bird ornaments, Dove's The unscrupulous bird also wants the old man not to be embarrassed." From the above paragraphs, it can be seen that the Han Dynasty people thought that it was a bird of inferiority, and that the jade was made into its shape. . This also reflects the social atmosphere of respecting the old and loving the old, and respecting the traditional Chinese filial piety. It is also the basis of the Confucian theory as the social center. Therefore, the theme design of jade must be an important embodiment of cultural development, and it is the ideological connotation. Expressed vector.
Artistic conception is also a key point in the design of jade objects. Many people think that the so-called "artistic environment" is actually very illusory, and it is untouchable. Just like the paradise in Tao Yuanming's "Peach Blossom Spring", it is the ideal and pursuit of people, not in reality. Indeed, fantasy does not exist, but the “Taoyuan†design of jade can not only give people imagination, but also let you touch it. The Jin Dynasty was a dynasty created by the Jurchens in northern China. The two jade articles of "Spring Water" and "Akiyama" in their period were confirmed by scholars to reflect the reappearance of the royal spring and autumn hunting scene. The composition of "Chun Shui Jade" is mainly composed of curly branches and water plants, tumbling leaves, flying birds, and spreading wings. The layout is full and the primary and secondary are distinct. It is the freeze of the scene at the time and the development of the event. From the picture of the jade, you can imagine the thrilling and fierceness of the holly geese, and the waterfowl shuttles between the grass and the grass. The "Akiyama Jade" is a scene of tigers and deer rushing, stepping on the stone and crossing the forest. The reappearance of these scenes is the artistic conception that jade craftsmanship should express through the theme design. It is also derived from life. The purpose is to arouse the imagination of people's minds and feel the truth of the scene when touching jade. “Spring Shuiyu†and “Akiyama Jade†are designed according to the unique lifestyle of the northern nomads and related themes in life culture, and the expression of artistic conception is based on these social and cultural life. It can reflect and feel.
In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the jade connotation has long since deviated from the influence of the ancient Wushen ideology, and also deviated from the use function of the last three generations (Xia Shang Zhou) Wang Quan Zhi Shang jade, forming a hierarchical group with the public as the central user, inheritance The development trend of folklore of jade articles in the Song Dynasty. Therefore, the theme design of the Ming and Qing jade articles mostly contains the functional characteristics of the artistic and cultural expression techniques and folk customization at that time. In this cultural context, from the emperor to the craftsmen, the production of jade has been carried out many times to inherit the tradition and innovation revolution. The well-known Lu Zigang's "Zigang" jade brand in the Ming Dynasty not only made the literati yas and Fu Jia famous at that time, but also influenced the jade design of the next five hundred years to today. Why is the "Zigang" jade brand so popular? The key lies in the uniqueness of the design: the overall shape and structure, the theme content design, the expression of the subject matter, the pattern layout, and the craft features.
(1) Overall shape and structure.
As the name suggests, the jade brand is a jade with a rectangular shape. The appearance is simple, it is not as vivid as the round jade, and it does not have the natural advantages of the body, but it is suitable for wearing, there is no sense of guilt, and the length, thickness and width of the jade are coordinated and divided reasonably, giving a calm and heavy Sensory experience. The structure is six-sided, and the subject matter of the jade can have multiple performance spaces, and the content is characterized by diversity and continuity.
(2) Design of subject matter content.
There are very few documents about Lu Zigang, mostly based on legends, but it can be analyzed from the words and works. Lu Zigang is a generation of jade craftsmen with great cultural accomplishments, and at the same time making friends in the literati. The theme of the "Zigang" jade brand is mainly displayed on two planes of the rectangular parallelepiped, one is landscape painting, the character story, the theme of auspicious meaning, etc. The other side is poetry and writing, and its design concept is literati, culture and tradition. Be the key point. Therefore, the content of the theme is designed according to the theme of the literati, and the traditional social concept of “reading as the top grade†is used to welcome the society.
(3) The expression of the subject matter.
According to the main subject matter of the jade card, it is picture and text. Its expression technique is mainly painting and calligraphy, and the engraving technique uses relief to highlight the three-dimensionality. The Ming and Qing dynasties are another peak of Chinese cultural development. The progress of society and the changes of society have made countless masters of calligraphy and painting. Therefore, painting and calligraphy have become the main factors affecting the content of the "Zigang" jade brand.
(4) Pattern layout.
The important point of the design of the jade brand is the layout of the pattern. Just like the painting, it is necessary to highlight the theme with the auxiliary content, and the theme should be vivid and dazzling. In the space of four or five square centimeters, the content of the performance is reasonably distributed, so that people have the general feeling of appreciation of the painting. In addition, the head of the "Zigang" jade card is different from the content of the pattern part, just like a small card head, which plays the role of the auxiliary theme pattern. Make the overall layout of the jade brand reasonable and the theme clear.
(5) Process characteristics.
The carving process of the "Zigang" jade brand is mostly the use of deep and shallow reliefs. The purpose is to highlight the three-dimensionality of the pattern and the text, to achieve a special visual effect and attract the viewer.
The design of “Zigang†jade brand is undoubtedly unique. In the inheritance tradition, it has found the intersection of Rongtai and innovation, forming its own characteristics, and planning successful brand marketing. It also makes it a copy of the current design of the jade card.
The modern jade market is for the needs of the city. Many jade articles are pursuing novelty, gorgeousness and skill. They deprive the rational spirit and cultural symbolism that jade culture advocates. This is the regret of modern jade design. Therefore, the theme design of modern jade articles should also pay attention to the "master", and the real intention of "Shi Gu" does not have to be "old", the important thing is to be vulgar and elegant. Never let the jade fall into the clever and exaggerated "vulgar style".
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