Army coat complex: once accompanied by several generations in China

Green army coats once symbolized a generation of Chinese soldiers, but today, the military requires more reliable cold-weather gear. Snow falls outside the window, and no one wants to go out—but think about the volunteer soldiers who marched in freezing conditions, or the U.S. forces battling on the icy fields of Chosin Reservoir in North Korea. Many gave their lives before the first shot was fired. In less than ten minutes, the cold could freeze a young, strong heart, leading to death—too late to say goodbye. Winter clothing is not just an item of clothing; it's a critical component of military readiness. It's a necessary tool for any major nation. In times of scarcity, the army coat was the best protection against the cold for the Chinese. Worn at home as a quilt, or used as a pillow on a train, it was more than just clothing—it was a lifeline. This wasn’t unique to China. After World War II, European clothing stores had a big task: helping people dye military coats into black or gray, altering their style to make them look like civilian wear. With so many veterans and economic hardship, coats were invaluable assets. But why didn't the U.S. military wear long coats during World War II? In films, European nations like Britain, France, Germany, and the Soviet Union all wore overcoats in the winter. However, American troops often wore short jackets. Was it because they preferred cotton? Not really. Long coats are better for walking and provide extra lower-body protection. The reason the U.S. military avoided them was due to their mechanized nature—soldiers rarely marched long distances. A long coat would be inconvenient, even affecting the driver’s ability to shift gears. Short jackets also have a waist design that prevents wind from getting inside, keeping soldiers warmer. In the film *Brotherhood*, the short jacket became a symbol of the American soldier. The M41/43 trench coat was widely used, made of satin—a dense, thick material. These coats could stand upright without a hanger. Unlike Europe, the U.S. didn’t use wool. Many experts believe this was due to the development of the cotton industry. But I think the real reason was weight. Satin coats were too heavy for soldiers to carry. Cotton was cheaper and easier to mass-produce. Another classic piece was the B3 flight jacket, made from sheepskin for high-altitude protection. Pilots and crew members wore it, but even ground officers like General Patton adopted it. The B3 included an Eskimo-style fur hat, a design still seen in modern down jackets. After WWII, U.S. military clothing influenced Western styles, with long coats gradually being replaced by shorter, more functional designs. In 1965, the U.S. introduced the M65 "Andes" jacket, a revolutionary design. It separated the waterproof outer shell from the warm inner layer, allowing for adjustable warmth. Features like a removable cotton vest, a fold-up collar, and a hidden hood became standard. Over time, materials improved, with Gore-Tex making waterproof breathable fabrics possible. The U.S. military soon adopted this technology. By the 21st century, military cold weather gear drew heavily from civilian innovations. Soft-shell jackets, originally from outdoor sports, became popular. They offered windproof and water-resistant protection in mild temperatures. Police units followed suit, adopting gear like 5.11’s emergency uniforms, which included tactical pockets, anti-stain coatings, and heat management features. Military and police cold gear now serve more than just warmth—they're full-body systems designed for mobility, safety, and even style. Many young people see these items as fashion statements. Even the PLA has been training in cold weather, sometimes in minimal clothing. While inspiring, scientific progress shows that the best way to improve cold resistance is through better equipment—not just physical endurance.

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